Wild bird surveillance reveals how H5Nx flu keeps returning to China

Wild bird surveillance reveals how H5Nx flu keeps returning to China

Long-term wild bird surveillance across China revealed shifting H5Nx avian influenza patterns, with H5N1, H5N8, and clade 2.3.4.4b viruses changing over time and across migratory flyways. Genomic analyses suggest recent H5Nx detections in China largely reflect repeated reintroductions through migratory birds rather than sustained local circulation.

Mapping hemagglutinin residues driving antigenic diversity in H5Nx avian influenza viruses

Mapping hemagglutinin residues driving antigenic diversity in H5Nx avian influenza viruses ABSTRACTSince its emergence in 1996, the H5 avian influenza virus (AIV) A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (Gs/GD) hemagglutinin (HA) has evolved into over 30 genetically and antigenically distinct clades, including the widespread clade 2.3.4.4b. Vaccination is widely used in endemic regions to reduce poultry losses and zoonotic risk. However, the evolving antigenic…