Peruvian Citadel that Is Nearly 4,000 Years Old Opens Doors to Tourists
PERU, JUL 12 – Peñico, built 3,800 years ago, was a trading and agricultural hub connecting coastal and Andean communities, with 18 structures revealing social integration, researchers said.
- The nearly 4,000-year-old citadel of Penico in Peru's Supe Valley opened to visitors after eight years of research and restoration on July 12, 2025.
- Archaeologists led by Ruth Shady investigated Penico, an organized urban center that linked coastal and Andean communities amid the decline of the Caral civilization between 1800 and 1500 BC.
- The site includes 18 identified constructions, featuring a ceremonial hall with friezes of pututus, and shows evidence of trade, agriculture, and cultural exchange across diverse regions.
- Shady explained that their research aims to uncover the origins and evolution of the Caral civilization, as well as the factors leading to its decline, which is believed to have been caused by climate-related droughts impacting agriculture.
- Opening Penico offers potential insights into the Caral civilization's fall and highlights Peñico's role as a social and economic hub connecting disparate ancient populations in pre-Hispanic Peru.
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Peruvian citadel that is nearly 4,000 years old opens doors to tourists
To the music of conch shell trumpets, a 3,800-year-old citadel of the Caral civilization -- one of the oldest in the world -- opened its doors to visitors in Peru on Saturday, after eight years of study and restoration work.
The site of Peñico, nearly four millennia old and important trade centre in the pre-Columbian era, was erected by the Caral civilization, which would have collapsed due in particular to climate change.
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