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Unique avocados found in Nicaragua could boost ‘superfood’
Researchers say preserving Nicaragua’s local avocado diversity could help commercial growers withstand disease and climate risks.
Scientists trudging through Nicaragua's rainforest identified a hotbed of avocado species diversity that could safeguard commercial crops from disease threats. These native varieties possess genetic resources distinct from supermarket clones.
Ancient populations migrated from South America to Central America around 5,000 years ago, carrying avocado varieties northward. As these communities settled, they continuously cross-bred the fruit, creating a deeply connected genetic heritage across the region.
Researcher Kevin Wann of Texas A&M University extracted and analyzed DNA from 47 native avocado landraces, 32 from Nicaragua. Comparison with over 200 other lineages confirmed these Nicaraguan trees are genetically distinct from globally sold commercial clones.
These native varieties are adapted to warmer, wetter climates unlike commercial monocultures. Scientists suggest tapping into this genetic pool could help farmers combat future climate shifts and agricultural threats.
Despite their value, many local avocado trees face destruction as farmers clear land for commercial production. Preserving these genetic resources remains critical to protecting the multi-billion-dollar global avocado supply from future vulnerability.