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Something Strange Is Happening to Tomatoes Growing on the Galápagos Islands

GALAPAGOS ISLANDS, JUL 6 – Wild tomatoes on the Galapagos western islands produce ancient defensive alkaloids due to environmental stress, showing genetic reversal in 56 samples analyzed by UC Riverside researchers.

  • Scientists from UC Riverside and the Weizmann Institute documented reverse evolution in wild tomatoes on the Galápagos Islands in a 2025 study published in Nature Communications.
  • This genetic reversal was triggered by environmental challenges on the younger, less fertile western islands, prompting both Galapagos tomato species studied to reactivate dormant genes.
  • Researchers found that a mutation changing a few amino acids in the GAME8 enzyme reprogrammed alkaloid production, causing western tomatoes to produce ancestral alkaloids similar to those of ancient eggplant relatives.
  • Lead author Adam Jozwiak explained that altering a small number of amino acids can result in an entirely new chemical compound, which could be utilized to develop innovative medicines, enhance pest resistance, or create crops that are less harmful.
  • This discovery shows evolution can reverse naturally and in real time, highlighting species adaptability and offering new opportunities for biotechnology and agriculture.
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Science Alert broke the news in Australia on Saturday, July 5, 2025.
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