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A Century After a Man Was Convicted of Teaching Evolution, the Debate on Religion in Schools Rages

DAYTON, TENNESSEE, JUL 9 – The American Civil Liberties Union is renewing its legal fight against Tennessee's Butler Act, a century-old law banning evolution teaching in public schools, citing ongoing church-state separation issues.

  • In July 1925, John Scopes, a Tennessee high school teacher, was tried in Dayton for teaching human evolution in violation of the Butler Act.
  • The Butler Act, introduced in March 1925, banned teaching any theory denying the Biblical creation of man amid rising anti-evolution sentiment led by Christian fundamentalists.
  • The trial became a national spectacle featuring Clarence Darrow defending Scopes and William Jennings Bryan prosecuting, spotlighting the debate over science and religion in schools.
  • John Scopes was convicted and received a $100 penalty, an amount that was subsequently reversed due to a legal technicality, while the trial heightened ongoing debates over the place of religion in public education.
  • One hundred years later, new laws requiring Ten Commandments displays in schools face legal challenges, reflecting continued tensions over church-state separation in the U.S.
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npr broke the news in Washington, United States on Wednesday, July 9, 2025.
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