(IN BRIEF) Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 modernization agenda is increasingly being challenged by the kingdom’s renewed reliance on hard-security partnerships, military deterrence and sectarian regional alignments. While Riyadh continues to present itself as a post-oil hub for technology, AI, tourism and futuristic infrastructure, instability across the Middle East between 2023 and 2026 has pushed it toward older geopolitical patterns shaped by ins…
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