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The pressure to have baby boys can harm African mothers' health
The World Health Organization says Africa accounts for 70% of global maternal deaths as cultural pressure and limited contraception drive repeated pregnancies.
In Congo, cultural pressure to produce male heirs drives families to have more children, risking maternal health; Prosper Mbumba sought a son according to Luba traditions, fathering four daughters before success.
Africa accounts for 70% of global maternal deaths, according to the World Health Organization, with around 180,000 pregnancy-related fatalities recorded annually across the continent.
Roughly 29% of Congolese women cite an "unmet need" for family planning, according to the United Nations Population Fund; authorities launched a five-year plan aiming to provide "access to affordable, quality family planning services" by 2026.
The United States under the Trump administration is sharply pulling back on assistance that helps keep mothers and babies safe, complicating efforts to provide contraception across seven of Congo's 26 provinces.
Improving maternal health remains an enormous task in Congo, a country the size of Western Europe, where poor infrastructure and armed rebellion in the east limit access to medical workers and resources.