The ‘navalization’ of economic warfare sees trade routes become zones of force rather than rules
- Modern sanctions rely on controlling key points in global trade to enforce economic measures.
- Russia's shadow fleet exemplifies how ships can be used to evade sanctions and transform trade routes into zones of force.
- Countries are increasingly responding to sanctions evasion by physically interdicting ships at sea.
- Sanctions enforcement is adapting within the exceptions of the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea, though application remains inconsistent.
41 Articles
41 Articles
The Conversation
The ‘navalization’ of economic warfare sees trade routes become zones of force rather than rules
British military ships escort the Smyrtos, which has been linked to Russia's shadow fleet. Finnbarr Webster/Getty ImagesWith more than 80% of global trade by volume being transported by sea, maritime shipping lanes are indispensable to the world economy. That fact was starkly illustrated by the war in Iran, which saw Tehran effectively close the Strait of Hormuz to commercial traffic and Washington respond with a blockade of Iranian ports. Yet s…
The ‘navalization’ of economic warfare sees trade routes become zones of force rather than rules
by John Calabrese, American University, [This article first appeared in The Conversation, republished with permission] With more than 80% of global trade by volume being transported by sea, maritime shipping lanes are indispensable to the world economy. That fact was starkly illustrated by the war in Iran, which saw Tehran effectively close the Strait of Hormuz to commercial traffic and Washington respond with a blockade of Iranian ports. Yet su…
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