The end of animal testing? Transitioning to models is promising — but no silver bullet

The end of animal testing? Transitioning to models is promising — but no silver bullet

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s recently published Roadmap to Reducing Animal Testing in Preclinical Safety Studies may have caused a stir across the pharmaceutical and biotech industries, but I wasn’t surprised. I’ve been working in drug development for 30 years and can tell you that the truth is the 3Rs (reduce, replace, and refine) principle for animal testing has been a goal in development for decades. Beyond the ethical implications…