The digital republic: how Estonia redefined voting

The digital republic: how Estonia redefined voting

This week, as Estonians cast their ballots in the 2025 local elections, more than half are expected to do so without stepping outside their homes. Estonians will open their laptops, insert their national ID cards and cast a legally binding vote online – a process now so routine it barely makes the news. Yet this quiet act marks a remarkable milestone: twenty years since Estonia became the first nation in the world to hold nationwide internet vot…