Study Reveals Artemis Astronauts to Land in Moon's Ancient Impact Zone
- On October 08, 2025, a Nature paper led by Jeffrey Andrews-Hanna found the South Pole-Aitken basin formed from a northward glancing impact, challenging prior south-origin theories and affecting Artemis landing expectations.
- Background research shows the Moon once had a global magma ocean that solidified, squeezing KREEP-rich liquids toward the near side and thickening the far side crust.
- Remote sensing reveals the South Pole-Aitken basin's oblong shape narrows north to south and its western ejecta blanket is rich in thorium, while the eastern side lacks this radioactive element.
- NASA's planned Artemis landings position astronauts to sample ejecta on the down-range rim of SPA, with the Artemis III mission slated for 2027 after Artemis II's 10-day 2026 circumnavigation and samples analyzed at University of Arizona.
- Longer-Term planning suggests the Artemis program's upcoming lunar landings are timely as China's Chang'e 6 has already returned far-side samples, and NASA's 2026 budget proposals raise delay concerns.
28 Articles
28 Articles
Impact Resurfacing of the Artemis Exploration Zone: Sample Locations for Primordial Crust and South Pole‐Aitken (SPA) Ejecta
Regolith samples from the lunar south pole are expected to contain material from the ancient lunar crust and potentially the uppermost mantle, excavated by the South Pole‐Aitken (SPA) impact. In this study, we aim to understand the impact resurfacing processes following the SPA impact and the subsequent redistribution of primordial crust and SPA‐derived mantle material within the initial Artemis exploration zone (AEZ).
Southward impact excavated magma ocean at the lunar South Pole–Aitken basin
The ancient South Pole–Aitken impact basin provides a key data point for our understanding of the evolution of the Moon, as it formed during the earliest pre-Nectarian epoch of lunar history1, excavated more deeply than any other known impact basin2,3 and is found on the lunar far side, about which less is known than the well-explored near side. Here we show that the tapering of the basin outline and the more gradual topographic and crustal thic…

Moon's largest crater harbors secret on south pole where NASA astronauts will land
Could Artemis III astronauts collect some lunar samples that shed light on the moon's mysterious past? That's what a team of researchers hope.
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