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Saturn’s moon Titan may not have a buried ocean as long suspected, new study suggests

Reanalysis of Cassini data shows Titan's interior is a slushy ice layer with liquid water pockets, not a global ocean, with liquid volume comparable to the Atlantic Ocean, NASA says.

  • Published Wednesday in Nature, the study led by Flavio Petricca found Titan lacks a global subsurface ocean and instead has a slushy layer with melt pockets.
  • Reanalyzing Cassini radio tracking and gravity measurements, researchers found a 15-hour delay between Saturn's peak pull and Titan's bulge, explained better by viscous slush than a global ocean.
  • Modeling indicates a 6-mile-thick ice crust over slush, with melt pockets reaching 68 degrees Fahrenheit near Titan's rocky core.
  • NASA's Dragonfly mission, set to launch as soon as 2028, can test subsurface predictions on Titan, while if confirmed, the result reshapes the search for life and ocean worlds' prevalence.
  • Over long timescales, the presence of hot ice will circularize Titan's orbit in about 30 million years, and researchers say Titan likely froze from a past ocean, altering extraterrestrial environments.
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Astrobiologists have long considered Saturn's moon Titan and Jupiter's moon Europa to be the best places to look for extraterrestrial life. Newly published research is now putting a damper on those hopes: Titan does not have a liquid ocean, and Europa's icy crust is much thicker than expected.

·Estonia
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Center

A thorough reanalysis of data from more than a decade ago indicates that Titan, the largest moon in...

·Spain
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Titan, one of Saturn's moons, may eventually have no underground ocean, say American and European astronomers.

·Montreal, Canada
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Science broke the news in on Wednesday, December 17, 2025.
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