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Nuclear Subs and Bounded Autonomy: The Evolving Logic of the South-US Alliance

South Korea aims to expand naval reach with nuclear-powered submarines amid regional challenges, with development expected to take at least a decade, the ROK Navy said.

  • On Tuesday, U.S. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth said the United States will fully support South Korea's nuclear submarine plan, reaffirming President Donald Trump's approval announced last week.
  • Seoul seeks nuclear propulsion to expand naval reach across the Indo-Pacific near Taiwan and the Luzon Strait, tied to aims to retake OPCON after U.S. President Donald Trump's breakthrough visit.
  • Legal barriers include the unchanged 123 Agreement, requiring congressional approval and interagency review; the ROK Navy estimates development will take at least a decade needing compact naval reactors, trained personnel, and funding.
  • By linking security to commerce, Washington's approval was largely a political gesture, while for Seoul the plan offers opportunity but requires years of negotiation, investment, and governance.
  • If precedents multiply, Beijing reminded Seoul to `fulfill its non-proliferation obligations` and observers warn normalization could prompt Japan, Canada, or Brazil to seek similar deals without an IAEA framework.
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The US and South Korea discuss the future of their military alliance and OPCON. Key to the annual meeting of the two nations

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연합뉴스-Yonhap News Agency연합뉴스-Yonhap News Agency
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(Seoul = Yonhap News) Reporter Kim Ho-jun and Kim Cheol-seon = U.S. Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth announced on the 4th that he would actively support South Korea's introduction of nuclear-powered submarines.

·Korea, Republic of
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The Diplomat broke the news in Tokyo, Japan on Monday, November 3, 2025.
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