Land reparations are possible, and more than 225 US communities are already working to make amends
- Evanston, Illinois, started the first housing reparations program in the U.S. In 2019.
- The program addresses harm from decades of racial bias in housing and other areas.
- Over 200 Black residents or their descendants, affected by discrimination between 1919 and 1969, received payments.
- Ron Butler, a program beneficiary, stated in 2024, "You can keep the mule; give me the 40 acres in Evanston."
- Conservative groups have responded with lawsuits, while other cities and groups explore land redistribution as reparations.
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5 Articles


Land reparations are possible − and over 225 US communities are already working to make amends for slavery and colonization
The historically Black 5th Ward in Evanston, Illinois. The Chicago suburb launched the nation’s first housing-based reparations program in 2019. AP Photo/Shafkat Anowar by Sara Safransky, Vanderbilt University; Elsa Noterman, Queen Mary University of London, and Madeleine Lewis, Vanderbilt University Ever since the United States government’s unfulfilled promise of giving every newly freed Black American “40 … Continued
Land reparations are possible, and more than 225 US communities are already working to make amends
Ever since the United States government's unfulfilled promise of giving every newly freed Black American "40 acres and a mule" after the Civil War, descendants of the enslaved have repeatedly proposed the idea of redistributing land to redress the nation's legacies of slavery.
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