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Jupiter was formerly twice its current size and had a much stronger magnetic field, study says

  • Researchers Konstantin Batygin and Fred Adams published a study in 2025 revealing Jupiter was twice its current size 3.8 million years after solar system solids formed.
  • They based their findings on analyzing the orbits of Jupiter’s small moons Amalthea and Thebe, which act as fossil records of its early state.
  • The study showed Jupiter’s volume exceeded two times today’s size and that its magnetic field was roughly 50 times stronger, fueled by rapid accretion from a protoplanetary disk.
  • Batygin described this finding as an important reference point that enhances our ability to trace the solar system’s development, while Adams expressed amazement that after billions of years, there is still sufficient evidence to piece together Jupiter’s early characteristics.
  • This refined model supports Jupiter’s critical role in stabilizing planetary orbits and enhances understanding of early planet formation across the entire solar system.
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Phys.org broke the news in United Kingdom on Tuesday, May 20, 2025.
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