Iowa has more than 114,000 kilometres of unpaved county roads, and many counties struggle to keep them in good condition. Araz Hasheminezhad is working to fix it. A PhD student in civil engineering at Iowa State University’s College of Engineering, he is using recycled plastic to 3D print web-like structures called geogrids. These are tested on gravel roads in Buchanan County, and the early results have been promising. “The composite geosyntheti…