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How China wields rare earths as a strategic weapon

  • In October 2024, armed forces affiliated with the Kachin Independence movement took over the towns of Chipwi and Pangwa in northern Myanmar, which are critical sites for producing a significant portion of the world’s heavy rare earth elements.
  • This takeover followed Myanmar's 2021 military coup, which weakened the junta's authority and triggered a rapid expansion of rare earth extraction reshaping the conflict economy.
  • Myanmar supplied about 57% of China's rare earth imports last year, mainly heavy rare earths like dysprosium and terbium, critical for EVs, defense, and advanced industries.
  • By April 2024, KIA and Chinese representatives had settled on a set export price of 35,000 CNY for each metric ton, accompanied by a 20% export duty levied by the KIA.
  • KIA's control signals its emergence as a de facto governor of rare earth resources, heightening geopolitical tensions and prompting the EU and G7 to pursue supply diversification and strategic reserves.
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Beijing has effectively stopped the export of irreplaceable minerals for e-cars, wind turbines and other high-tech products. Even if signals of relaxation come from China: "The supply situation can deteriorate at any time," says a specialist metal dealer.

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Inc42 Media broke the news in on Monday, June 23, 2025.
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