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This Year Could Mark a Space-Race Tipping Point. Here’s What to Know About China’s Secretive Program
Both nations are racing to map water ice at the lunar south pole, while China says it aims to land taikonauts by 2030.
China targets 2030 for its first crewed lunar landing, prompting US lawmakers to declare a new space race. NASA is pledging to construct its own lunar outpost in response to Beijing's ambition.
The United States relies on private sector partnerships to manage budget constraints, while China utilizes a top-down, central planning system to sustain lunar efforts. NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman acknowledged China is "absolutely a great competitor."
In recent years, China successfully launched Tiangong, a modern orbital laboratory. Both nations now target the lunar south pole to locate water ice, which could provide fuel and air for extraterrestrial settlements.
The United States established the Artemis Accords to codify resource extraction and "safety zones," though China has not signed. Experts note "inherent difficulty squaring the circle" regarding resource ownership under the Outer Space Treaty.
Former NASA adviser Patrick Besha suggests there remains "room to solve some of the global challenges" regarding collision risks and resource conflicts. Geopolitical tensions, however, complicate prospects for meaningful international cooperation.