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Delaying Social Security reform raises risks for bond markets and the economy, research finds
Researchers say a $600 billion annual shortfall could force more borrowing and lift mortgage, auto and business loan rates.
On June 26, 2026, Mercatus Center researchers Veronique de Rugy and Jason Fichtner warned that delaying Social Security reform could force increased government borrowing, potentially triggering a fiscal crisis.
The Old-Age Survivors Insurance trust fund faces depletion in the fourth quarter of 2032, with annual shortfalls projected to grow from roughly $600 billion in 2033 to about $700 billion by 2036.
Marc Goldwein of the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget notes that abandoning the 90-year promise of a self-financed program could open the floodgate to unsustainable borrowing and fiscal instability.
Higher government borrowing could increase interest rates across the economy, with 30-year fixed mortgage rates potentially jumping from 6.3% to nearly 9% as investors reassess fiscal risks.
Bond markets may react as soon as 12 months before depletion, Fichtner told CNBC, forcing Congress to address solvency issues to avoid sudden shifts in holdings and duration risk.