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What Is a Kelvin Wave? How Underwater Phenomena Impacts Sea Levels During El Niño

Scientists say the warm-water pulse could lift sea levels 5 to 10 inches and worsen winter flooding, storm surges and coastal erosion.

  • A massive pulse of warm water called a Kelvin wave is expected to reach Southern California by early October, temporarily lifting sea levels by 5 to 10 inches as El Niño strengthens.
  • Weakening trade winds trigger this phenomenon, releasing warm water that travels eastward across the Pacific Ocean before moving north along the coastline as a coastally trapped wave.
  • Scientists warn this elevated baseline makes low-lying areas vulnerable to flooding, especially when coinciding with high tides, storm surges, and significant erosion already affecting the coastline.
  • California Governor Gavin Newsom declared a state of emergency to prepare for winter storms, while California Coastal Commission Executive Director Kate Huckelbridge urged residents to inspect vulnerable property.
  • The Climate Prediction Center forecasts a 90% chance of a very strong El Niño event through winter, as researchers expect the wave's influence to persist into early next year.
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A massive Kelvin wave is approaching the coast of California, which could raise sea levels by up to 30 centimeters.

·Budapest, Hungary
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Outlook Newspapers broke the news on Sunday, September 27, 2026.
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