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‘Biggest Booms Since The Big Bang’ Found As Black Holes Shred Stars

  • Researchers from the Institute for Astronomy in Hawaii announced on June 4, 2025, the identification of extreme nuclear transients , the most powerful cosmic explosions observed so far.
  • These ENTs occur when massive stars, at least three times the sun's mass, stray too close to supermassive black holes and are torn apart, releasing immense energy.
  • ENTs surpass the energy output of the brightest supernovae, remain luminous for years, and have been detected by ESA's Gaia spacecraft and the Zwicky Transient Facility as long-lived flares.
  • An extreme nuclear transient called Gaia18cdj unleashed energy exceeding that of the most powerful supernovae by a factor of 25, surpassing the combined lifetime energy output of 100 suns.
  • These results shed light on how supermassive black holes developed when the cosmos was approximately halfway to its present age and introduce a new approach for exploring galaxy formation and the evolution of these massive objects.
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Phys.org broke the news in United Kingdom on Wednesday, June 4, 2025.
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