Authorities Deny Nomadic Shepherds Access to High Pastures in Ardahan

Authorities deny nomadic shepherds access to high pastures in Ardahan

With the arrival of summer, the nomadic shepherds from Iğdır begin their annual migration to the cooler highlands of the provinces of Kars and Ardahan. But this year, numerous livestock owners were denied access to their grazing lands—despite paid lease agreements and long-standing use. The governor's office stated that it “does not accept animals from other provinces.” The shepherds who had nevertheless set out were stopped at the city limits a…

Alternative Complexities: The Archaeology of Pastoral Nomadic States

Almost a century of systematic anthropological research on pastoral nomads has produced significant data and theory for understanding these mobile societie