An updated framework for understanding (and researching) what causes human cancers

An updated framework for understanding (and researching) what causes human cancers

An enduring challenge for the study of human cancer is just how complex it is: how many different ways there are for cancers to originate, progress, and spread in the people who are diagnosed with them. Biologist Douglas Hanahan of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research in Lausanne, Switzerland, now offers a major update to his long-standing framework to help those studying cancer make sense of its remarkable diversity and complexity.