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A lack of oxygen likely incapacitated the pilot of a private jet that crashed in Virginia in 2023

  • On June 4, 2023, a Cessna Citation piloted by Jeff Hefner crashed near Montebello, Virginia, killing four onboard including the pilot and three passengers.
  • The accident followed the pilot's loss of communication after takeoff from Elizabethton, Tennessee, likely due to hypoxia caused by cabin pressurization loss, according to NTSB findings.
  • The private plane registered to Encore Motors, based in Melbourne, Florida, flew approximately 300 miles on autopilot before being intercepted by F-16 fighter jets—whose sonic boom was heard across the region—and ultimately crashed into a wooded area, creating a crater.
  • The pilot, 69-year-old retired airline captain Jeff Hefner with nearly 35,000 flight hours, had medical conditions but no evidence showed high incapacitation risk; maintenance records revealed numerous unresolved issues including oxygen equipment.
  • The NTSB concluded that altitude-related hypoxia likely incapacitated those onboard, impairing judgment, awareness, and reaction, and that failure to maintain supplemental oxygen contributed to the fatal crash.
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St Catharines Standard broke the news in Welland, Canada on Tuesday, May 13, 2025.
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