Fuel cells promise a cleaner path to large-scale energy conversion, but cathode performance is still held back by sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics. Platinum catalysts can accelerate ORR, yet their high cost and vulnerability to poisoning constrain commercial deployment. To find earth-abundant substitutes, researchers have turned to Fe–N–C single-atom catalysts—materials that can mimic key catalytic steps while using far less pre…
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