In the cave of Chagyrsskaya, located in southern Siberia, archaeologists dug up a molar a decade ago that belonged to a Neanderthal of 59,000 years ago. The piece caught his attention because it had a deep hole and a study published in 2026 concluded that it could be the result of an invasive dental intervention made with stone tools, at a time when there were no modern anesthesia techniques.
In the cave of Chagyrsskaya, located in southern Siberia, archaeologists dug up a molar a decade ago that belonged to a Neanderthal of 59,000 years ago. The piece caught his attention because it had a deep hole and a study published in 2026 concluded that it could be the result of an invasive dental intervention made with stone tools, at a time when there were no modern anesthesia techniques.